Year 10 — Physical Education

Term 1: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Students will learn about the structure and functions of the musculoskeletal system that serve the body in different degrees, at different times to meet different demands, either separately or in combination. This will include the structure of the skeleton and muscles of the body, the structure of synovial joints, how joints allow different types of movement and how muscles work antagonistically on the major joints of the skeleton to affect movement in physical activity.

Core PE: Students focus on the benefits of a healthy active lifestyle by participating in a range of different sports and activities. Some sports differ from those taught at key stage 3 to create a different journey to a healthy active lifestyle. Students participate in two sports each half term with a focus on sports leadership, teamwork, independent learning and physical activity.

All students are assessed in each unit in line with the Assessment Objectives (AO1-4). Each practical unit they are awarded an overall band as well as a breakdown of marks out of 10 for skill development and 15 for performance of skill in a game situation. Each theoretical unit is assessed through half termly written exam papers.

Joint

Where two or more bones meet

Synovial Joint

Type of joint commonly found in the limbs.

Cartilage

Covers end of bones providing smooth, friction free surface.

Ligaments

Join bone to bone.

Tendon

Attach muscle to bone.

Synovial Fluid

Produced by the synovial membrane to lubricate the joint.

Bursae

Fluid filled bag that helps reduce friction in the joint.

  • Spiritual
  • Moral
  • Social
  • Cultural

Develop the individual:

learning new skills, healthy active lifestyle, keywords

Create a supportive community:

hard-work, resilience, right and wrong

Term 2: Movement Analysis

Students will learn about the first, second and third class lever systems with examples of their use in activity and the mechanical advantages they provide in movement. They will learn about planes and axes of movement used when performing sporting activities.

Core PE: Students focus on the benefits of a healthy active lifestyle by participating in a range of different sports and activities. Some sports differ from those taught at key stage 3 to create a different journey to a healthy active lifestyle. Students participate in two sports each half term with a focus on sports leadership, teamwork, independent learning and physical activity.

All students are assessed in each unit in line with the Assessment Objectives (AO1-4). Each practical unit they are awarded an overall band as well as a breakdown of marks out of 1o for skill development and 15 for performance of skill in a game situation. Each theoretical unit is assessed through half termly written exam papers.

Aerobic

Relating to or denoting exercise taken to improve the efficiency of the body's cardiovascular system in absorbing and transporting oxygen.

Anaerobic

Relating to or requiring an absence of free oxygen.

Glucose

A simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.

EPOC

Excess post exercise oxygen consumption.

Vigorous

Characterised by or involving physical strength, effort, or energy.

Artery

Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart.

Vein

Blood vessel carrying blood towards the heart.

Tidal Volume

The amount of air breathed in or out during a normal resting breath.

Residual Volume

The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration.

  • Spiritual
  • Moral
  • Social
  • Cultural

Develop the individual:

healthy active lifestyle, cross-curricular, literacy

Create a supportive community:

enjoyment, reflection, fascination

Term 3: Cardio-Respiratory System & Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise

Students will consider the structure and functions of the cardio-respiratory system linked to the physical demands of performance. This will include the pathway of air, cardiac cycle, mechanics of breathing and the interpretation of a spirometer trace. Students will learn about the terms aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise and apply both respiratory systems to different practical examples and intensities. Students discover excess post exercise consumption (EPOC) as the result anaerobic respiration during vigorous exercise and different recovery methods from vigorous exercise.

Core PE: Students focus on the benefits of a healthy active lifestyle by participating in a range of different sports and activities. Some sports differ from those taught at key stage 3 to create a different journey to a healthy active lifestyle. Students participate in two sports each half term with a focus on sports leadership, teamwork, independent learning and physical activity.

All students are assessed in each unit in line with the Assessment Objectives (AO1-4). Each practical unit they are awarded an overall band as well as a breakdown of marks out of 1o for skill development and 15 for performance of skill in a game situation. Each theoretical unit is assessed through half termly written exam papers.

DOMS

Delayed onset muscle soreness. The pain in the days following strenuous exercise.

Nausea

Feelings of sickness during/after exercise.

Cramp

Involuntary contraction of a muscle.

Cool Down

Undertaken after exercise to speed up recovery -e.g. walking, jogging and cycling.

Rehydration

Replacing lost water and minerals after exercise.

Ice Bath

Immersion in cold water to speed up recovery.

Hypertrophy

Increase in size of muscle/heart due to long term exercise.

Bradycardia

Lower resting heart rate due to long term exercise.

  • Spiritual
  • Moral
  • Social
  • Cultural

Develop the individual:

healthy active lifestyle, self-reflection, assessing

Create a supportive community:

new skills, lifelong learner

Term 4: Physical Training

Students will discover the key components of fitness and specific training methods understanding the advantages and disadvantages, of weight, circuit, interval, continuous, fartlek, static stretching, weight and plyometric training. Students will study the principles of training, which includes specificity, progression, overload and training zones: calculating intensities to optimise training effectiveness. Students will learn about considerations to prevent injury. Students will gain an understanding of high altitude training and seasonal aspects.

Core PE: Students focus on the benefits of a healthy active lifestyle by participating in a range of different sports and activities. Some sports differ from those taught at key stage 3 to create a different journey to a healthy active lifestyle. Students participate in two sports each half term with a focus on sports leadership, teamwork, independent learning and physical activity.

All students are assessed in each unit in line with the Assessment Objectives (AO1-4). Each practical unit they are awarded an overall band as well as a breakdown of marks out of 1o for skill development and 15 for performance of skill in a game situation. Each theoretical unit is assessed through half termly written exam papers.

Health

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.

Fitness

The ability to meet/cope with the demands of the environment.

Training Programme

A course of action designed to assist in improving performance, fitness, health etc.

Reversibility

The Reversibility Principle dictates that athletes lose the beneficial effects of training when they stop working out. Conversely, it also means that detraining effects can be reversed when athletes resume training. In short, If you don't use it, you lose

Tedium

Refers to boredom within the training programme. Change the type of training regularly.

Specific

Training relevant to the demands of the sport.

Progressive Overload

Gradual increase of the training programme to increase fitness.

HITT

High intensity interval training.

  • Spiritual
  • Moral
  • Social
  • Cultural

Develop the individual:

healthy active lifestyle, new skills, develop character

Create a supportive community:

literacy, numeracy, lifelong learner

Term 5: Physical Training

Students will discover the key components of fitness and specific training methods understanding the advantages and disadvantages, of weight, circuit, interval, continuous, fartlek, static stretching, weight and plyometric training. Students will study the principles of training, which includes specificity, progression, overload and training zones: calculating intensities to optimise training effectiveness. Students will learn about considerations to prevent injury. Students will gain an understanding of high altitude training and seasonal aspects.

Core PE: Students focus on the benefits of a healthy active lifestyle by participating in a range of different sports and activities. Some sports differ from those taught at key stage 3 to create a different journey to a healthy active lifestyle. Students participate in two sports each half term with a focus on sports leadership, teamwork, independent learning and physical activity.

All students are assessed in each unit in line with the Assessment Objectives (AO1-4). Each practical unit they are awarded an overall band as well as a breakdown of marks out of 1o for skill development and 15 for performance of skill in a game situation. Each theoretical unit is assessed through half termly written exam papers.

Fulcrum

The part of the lever system which pivots.

Resistance

The load to be moved by the lever system, usually this involves weight.

Effort

The force applied to move the resistance or weight.

First Class Lever

Found at the elbow joint, where the triceps cause extension of the lower arm.

Second Class Lever System

Found at the ankle joint. Plantar flexion is the movement used.

Third Class Lever

The majority of the body's joints act as third class levers.

Mechanical Advantage

The benefit of a lever system of having either a short arm, or short resistance.

  • Spiritual
  • Moral
  • Social
  • Cultural

Develop the individual:

new skills, character education, healthy active lifestyle

Create a supportive community:

team-work, enjoyment, fascination

Term 6: Physical Training

Students will discover the key components of fitness and specific training methods understanding the advantages and disadvantages, of weight, circuit, interval, continuous, fartlek, static stretching, weight and plyometric training. Students will study the principles of training, which includes specificity, progression, overload and training zones: calculating intensities to optimise training effectiveness. Students will learn about considerations to prevent injury. Students will gain an understanding of high altitude training and seasonal aspects.

Core PE: Students focus on the benefits of a healthy active lifestyle by participating in a range of different sports and activities. Some sports differ from those taught at key stage 3 to create a different journey to a healthy active lifestyle. Students participate in two sports each half term with a focus on sports leadership, teamwork, independent learning and physical activity.

All students are assessed in each unit in line with the Assessment Objectives (AO1-4). Each practical unit they are awarded an overall band as well as a breakdown of marks out of 1o for skill development and 15 for performance of skill in a game situation. Each theoretical unit is assessed through half termly written exam papers.

Agility

The ability to move and change direction quickly whilst maintaining control.

Balance

Maintaining the centre of mass over the base of support.

CV Endurance

The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles.

Flexibility

Range of movement possible at a joint.

Muscular Endurance

Ability of muscle or muscle group to undergo repeated contractions without fatigue.

Speed

The maximum rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover distance in a period of time.

Strength

The ability to overcome a resistance.

Reaction Time

The time taken to initiate a response to a stimulus.

  • Spiritual
  • Moral
  • Social
  • Cultural

Develop the individual:

independent learning, self reflection, self-assessment

Create a supportive community:

lifelong learner, right and wrong